Why We Age
The 9 Hallmarks of Aging
In 2013, a landmark paper identified nine key biological processes that drive aging at the cellular level. These “Hallmarks of Aging” are the root causes of age-related decline. They include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Rather than addressing symptoms, targeting these hallmarks is the key to supporting long-term health and vitality.